Life Time Validity.
Speech Organs & Vowel Sounds
Parts of Speech & Diphthongs
Consonants & Word and Sentence Stress
Tenses & Active / Passive Voice
Greetings, Compliments, and Rebuttals
Voice Perceptions & Intonations
Contemporary Idioms and Phrases
Liaisons and Reductions
Isl,lzl,lizl sounds
Differences between American and British
Life Time Validity.
Speech Organs & Vowel Sounds
Parts of Speech & Diphthongs
Consonants & Word and Sentence Stress
Tenses & Active / Passive Voice
Greetings, Compliments, and Rebuttals
Voice Perceptions & Intonations
Contemporary Idioms and Phrases
Liaisons and Reductions
Isl,lzl,lizl sounds
Differences between American and British
Voice and Accent Trainer Certification
Welcome to VerbalHub, the premier destination for Voice and Accent Trainer Certification. We take immense pride in offering the most comprehensive and effective Voice and Accent Certification course available, meticulously designed to equip individuals like you with the essential skills and knowledge to excel in the dynamic field of voice and accent training. This course will serve you all around no matter whether you are a professional or a beginner. You can get the training and fly into the exciting domain of your career.
Voice and Accent Training by VerbalHubYour Training will be in phases.
Counseling: This part covers the course structure of training. Every module is discussed one by one and you are suggested the books to go through and steps to take before the beginning of training. You get a roadmap of learning and scope of learning. This part covers even the future of voice and accent and you are guided about how to approach for the job and how to prepare for the interview and how to crack the interview.
Foundation: This part covers the basic of voice and accent. You get to know the sound, sound therapy, diphthong, different letters and their pronunciation & formation of words, accent, American accent, British accent, and improvement of your voice.
Training strategy: this round takes your training into consideration. You learn how to break the ice and how to begin your session as a voice and accent coach in the classroom. This phase is all bout module delivery, assessment, guidance, and how to make the student do practice of sounds. This training round prepares you as a coach.
Assessment: whatever you have learned in your foundation and training will be assessed. The whole assessment will be in two parts. In the first part, you will teach students and get feedback that how was your delivery and what improvement you need it. In the second part, you will be assessed by the teachers. Then you will be shared with the report card of both students and teachers. Based on that you will be trained and guided then you will be given the final yes for you as a teacher.
Final Training: This is the round for interview, correction, final preparation, and certification. This round will hand you over the detail of everything. It is a special round for Career Tips and how to approach for the right career.
Why Voice and Accent are important?
In today's ever-evolving global business landscape, effective communication across cultures has become increasingly vital, especially with the surge in remote work and international collaborations. As a certified voice and accent trainer, you will play a pivotal role in helping individuals master the art of pronunciation, intonation, and overall oral communication skills.
At VerbalHub, our Voice and Accent Certification course is specifically crafted to meet these demands, ensuring you are well-prepared to meet the challenges of this dynamic industry.
Voice and Accent Training Online: Learn faster and according to yourself
At VerbalHub, we understand the importance of flexibility in learning. Our Voice and Accent Certification course online, allows students to learn according to themselves and from the comfort of their own home.
When you become a part of our program, a world of interactive resources awaits, thoughtfully tailored to elevate your learning journey. Our all-encompassing curriculum spans a diverse array of essential topics that will empower you to master the art of voice and accent training. Immerse yourself in our carefully crafted modules and unlock the skills needed to excel as a proficient voice and accent trainer.
You will delve into the intricacies of phonetics, mastering the sounds and intonations of different languages and dialects. Our course also delves into accent reduction techniques, empowering you to help individuals overcome language barriers and communicate effectively.
Cross-cultural communication
A vital component of our Voice and Accent Certification course. We understand that successful communication extends beyond language proficiency; it requires an understanding of cultural nuances and sensitivities. Through our program, you will develop a deep appreciation for various cultural backgrounds, enabling you to guide individuals in adopting appropriate communication styles for diverse contexts.
Learn Presentation skills from the best
During our Voice and Accent training course as a voice and accent trainer, you will equip individuals with the ability to deliver impactful and persuasive presentations. You will learn techniques to improve clarity, intonation, and overall speech delivery, allowing individuals to captivate their audience and convey their messages with confidence.
Enjoy a seamless and engaging learning experience
Our online platform offers a seamless and engaging learning experience. You will have access to high-quality video lessons, allowing you to visualize and understand concepts effectively. To reinforce your learning, we provide practice exercises that allow you to apply the techniques you've acquired. Additionally, you will be participating in quizzes that will measure your progress and consolidate your level of preparation.
Exposure to Different Accents: Embracing the Melody of Global Communication
In today's interconnected world, where borders blur and cultures converge, the ability to understand and appreciate diverse accents has become a valuable skill. Each accent carries with it a unique melody, a symphony of sounds that reflects the rich tapestry of human expression. As a voice and accent trainer, immersing oneself in the vast array of accents is not merely a necessity but a gateway to fostering effective global communication.
VerbalHub provides students with a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in a wide array of English accents. Through engaging resources and interactive experiences, students at VerbalHub develop a deep understanding and appreciation for the diverse nuances of English pronunciation and intonation. This exposure equips them with the skills needed to effectively communicate with individuals from various linguistic backgrounds, fostering inclusivity and global connectivity.
Unlock Opportunities with Voice Accent Training
By obtaining our Voice and Accent Trainer Certification, you will unlock a world of opportunities. As businesses expand globally, the demand for skilled professionals who can bridge language and cultural gaps continues to grow. With your certification, you'll position yourself as a highly sought-after voice and accent trainer, opening doors to exciting career prospects in multinational corporations, language institutes, and online education platforms.
Find Voice and Accent Training Near You: Localised Learning Experience
If you prefer a localized learning experience, we offer the option to find voice and accent training near me. VerbalHub has partnered with a network of certified trainers across various locations, ensuring that you have access to expert guidance and personalized support. Benefit from face-to-face interactions, practical exercises, and real-time feedback, all tailored to meet your specific needs and goals.
Voice and Accent Trainer Certification: Stand Out in a Competitive Industry
A Voice and Accent Trainer Certification from VerbalHub carries immense weight in the industry. Employers recognize our certification as a mark of excellence and a testament to your dedication to professional growth. By adding this credential to your portfolio, you will differentiate yourself from the competition and increase your chances of securing high-paying positions and advancement opportunities.
Affordable Voice and Accent trainer certification online: Value for Your Investment
We firmly uphold the principle that every individual should have access to high-quality education. Our voice and accent training fees are designed to be affordable, prioritizing accessibility without compromising on excellence. We offer pricing plans that are competitive in the market and flexible payment options, guaranteeing that you receive exceptional value for your investment.
By enrolling in our program, you will embark on a transformative learning journey that promises lifelong benefits. Join us whenever you want and we will help you unleash your full potential in the domain of voice and accent training.
At VerbalHub, we provide the best Voice and Accent Trainer Certification course available, enabling you to thrive in the dynamic field of voice and accent training. With our online learning platform, localized training options, and industry-recognized certification, you'll acquire the skills and credentials needed to excel in this rapidly growing industry. Get enrolled in our Voice and Accent Certification course and start chasing your dream job.
Accent Coach
Being a voice and accent coach opens the doors of opportunities. In an increasingly globalized world, clear and effective communication is highly valued, creating a high demand for voice and accent training. If you are equipped with an accent correction course, accent reduction training, American accent class, American accent voice, or voice training course, you can serve professionals such as actors, corporate employees, and public speakers who seek this training to improve their communication skills. Voice and accent coach works in various industries, including education, entertainment, corporate training, and customer service, providing a wide range of job opportunities and career paths. The role is personally fulfilling as coaches witness significant transformations in their clients, leading to increased confidence and professional success.
Additionally, these courses such as American Accent Course, Learn American Accent Online, Voice Accent, voice accent training, Voice Trainer, or voice training course, broaden the career paths for voice and accent coaches including starting as assistants or junior trainers in language schools, corporate training departments, or acting schools, gaining experience and building a strong foundation. Corporate trainers are in demand to train employees in customer service, sales, and executive positions through workshops and group training programs.
In the entertainment industry, voice and accent coaches help actors, broadcasters, and voice-over artists, with opportunities in film, television, theater, and radio. Many coaches choose to work independently, offering private coaching sessions and specializing in certain accents or client types. Online coaching has become viable, allowing coaches to reach a global audience through virtual sessions and creating supplementary income through online courses and webinars. Experienced coaches may work as consultants for businesses, designing and implementing communication training programs, and collaborating with software companies to develop training applications. Academic roles include teaching at universities and colleges in linguistics, communication, or performing arts departments, and conducting research in phonetics and linguistics.
Success in this field requires strong communication skills to explain concepts clearly, good listening skills to understand client needs, patience and empathy to work with clients to change their speech patterns, attention to detail to identify subtle differences in pronunciation, adaptability to work with clients from diverse backgrounds, and a commitment to continuous learning. Here comes Verbalhub accent coaching institute. You can visit accent classes near me or you can opt for accent training online for your specific American accent class. Verbalhub makes you a perfect V & A coach.
Voice and Accent Training Curriculum
The voice and accent training curriculum offers a comprehensive approach to mastering clear and effective communication. An accent correction course focuses on refining pronunciation and intonation patterns, while accent reduction training aims to minimize regional accents for more standardized speech. For convenience, many individuals opt for accent training online for the purpose of accessibility and flexibility. An American accent class, specifically, targets the nuances of American English, enhancing both the American accent and voice to sound more native-like. This holistic approach ensures that learners can confidently communicate in a professional and personal context. Training for V & A round:
Module 1: Introduction to Voice and Accent Training
Class 1: Overview of Voice and Accent Training
- Importance of clear communication
- Role and responsibilities of a voice and accent coach
Class 2: Phonetics and Phonology Basics
- Introduction to phonetics and phonology
- Overview of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Class 3: Benefits of Voice and Accent Training
- Personal and professional benefits
Module 2: Understanding Accents
Class 4: Introduction to Global Accents
- Major accents: British, American, Australian, Indian
Class 5: Characteristics of Different Accents
- Phonetic characteristics of each accent
Class 6: Common Challenges with Accents
- Challenges learners face with different accents.
Class 7: Accent Neutralization Techniques
- Techniques for neutralizing accents
Module 3: Phonetics and Phonology
Class 8: Vowel Sounds
- Detailed study of vowel sounds
Class 9: Consonant Sounds
- Detailed study of consonant sounds
Class 10: Voicing, Place, and Manner of Articulation
- Understanding articulation
Class 11: Stress Patterns
- Word and sentence stress
Class 12: Rhythm and Intonation
- Patterns and practice
Module 4: Voice Training Techniques
Class 13: Breathing Exercises for Voice Control
- Techniques and practice
Class 14: Vocal Warm-ups and Exercises
- Practical exercises
Class 15: Pitch, Tone, and Volume Modulation
- Techniques to improve vocal quality
Class 16: Reducing Vocal Strain
- Maintaining vocal health
Module 5: Accent Reduction Techniques
Class 17: Identifying Accent-related Issues
- Common issues and solutions
Class 18: Sound Substitution Drills
- Practical drills and exercises
Class 19: Minimal Pairs and Tongue Twisters
- Practice sessions
Class 20: Sentence Stress and Intonation
- Advanced practice
Module 6: Listening and Imitation
Class 21: Active Listening Techniques
- Techniques and exercises
Class 22: Listening Exercises with Various Accents
- Practical listening sessions
Class 23: Imitation and Shadowing Exercises
- Practice imitation and shadowing.
- Class 24: Using Audio and Video Resources
Resources for practice
Module 7: Practical Applications
Class 25: Role-playing and Simulations
- Practical scenarios
Class 26: Public Speaking and Presentation Skills
- Techniques and practice
Class 27: Telephone and Customer Service Scenarios
- Practical applications
Class 28: Tailoring Training for Different Professional Needs
- Customizing training
Module 8: Assessment and Feedback
Class 29: Designing Assessment Tools and Techniques
- Creating and using assessment tools
Class 30: Providing Effective Feedback
- Feedback methods and improvement plans
Voice Accent Training Internship
Embark on an enriching voice and accent training internship at Verbalhub Accent Coaching Institute. This program offers a comprehensive accent correction course designed to refine your speech clarity and pronunciation. Through accent reduction training, participants will learn to minimize regional accents and embrace more neutral speech patterns. The American Accent Class and American Accent Course provide specialized training to master the nuances of American English, enhancing both professional and personal communication skills. Join us to transform your speaking abilities and gain confidence in your verbal interactions.
Class 1: Introduction and Orientation
- Welcome and Orientation
- Introduction to the company and team
- Overview of internship objectives and expectations
- Basics of Voice and Accent Training
- Importance of clear communication
- Role and responsibilities of a voice and accent coach
Class 2: Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
- Basics of phonetics
- Introduction to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Class 3: Understanding Accents
- Global Accents Overview
- Major accents: British, American, Australian, Indian
- Characteristics of Different Accents
- Phonetic characteristics of each accent
Class 4: Common Challenges and Accent Neutralization
- Challenges learners face with different accents
- Accent neutralization techniques
Class 5: Vowel and Consonant Sounds
- Detailed study of vowel sounds
- Detailed study of consonant sounds
Class 6: Articulation and Stress Patterns
- Voicing, Place, and Manner of Articulation
- Word and sentence stress patterns
Class 7: Rhythm and Intonation
- Rhythm in Speech: Patterns and practice
- Intonation Techniques: Intonation practice
Class 8: Voice Training Techniques
- Breathing Exercises for Voice Control: Techniques and Practice
- Vocal Warm-ups and Exercises: Practical exercises
- Pitch, Tone, and Volume Modulation: Techniques to Improve Vocal Quality
Class 9: Accent Reduction Techniques
- Identifying Accent-related Issues: Common issues and solutions
- Sound Substitution Drills: Practical drills and exercises
- Minimal Pairs and Tongue Twisters: Practice sessions
Class 10: Listening and Imitation
- Active Listening Techniques: Techniques and exercises
- Listening Exercises with Various Accents: Practical listening sessions
- Imitation and Shadowing Exercises: Practice imitation and shadowing
Class 11: Practical Applications
- Role-playing and Simulations: Practical scenarios
- Public Speaking and Presentation Skills: Techniques and practice
- Telephone and Customer Service Scenarios: Practical applications
Class 12: Teaching Strategies
- Lesson Planning and Structuring Sessions: Effective lesson planning
- Engaging Learners through Interactive Activities: Interactive teaching methods
- Using Technology and Multimedia Tools in Training: Incorporating technology
Class 13: Assessment and Feedback
- Designing Assessment Tools and Techniques: Creating and using assessment tools
- Conducting Pronunciation Assessments: Assessment methods
- Providing Effective Feedback: Feedback methods and improvement plans
Class 14: Case Studies and Real-life Applications
- Reviewing Case Studies: Analyzing real-life examples
- Practical Application Projects: Applying knowledge to practical scenarios
- Group Discussions and Presentations: Sharing insights and experiences
Class 15: Reflection and Future Development
- Reflecting on the Internship Experience: Reviewing Key Learnings
- Identifying Areas for Improvement: Personal development plans
- Preparing for Future Roles: Career advice and next steps
- Graduation and Feedback Session: Presentation of certificates, gathering feedback from interns
Voice and Accent Trainer jobs Interview
Explore exciting career opportunities in voice and accent training jobs with Verbalhub. As a voice and accent trainer, you'll prepare candidates for the crucial VNA (Voice and Accent) round, a key component in many hiring processes. The VNA round, also known as the voice and accent test, assesses candidates' speech clarity, pronunciation, and ability to communicate effectively in a neutral accent. At Verbalhub, we specialize in equipping individuals with the skills needed to excel in these evaluations, ensuring they are well-prepared for roles requiring exceptional verbal communication. Join Verbalhub to advance your career and help others succeed in their voice and accent training journeys.
Class 1: Introduction to Voice and Accent Training for Interviews
Objectives: Understand the importance of voice and accent in interviews.
Topics Covered:
- Importance of clear communication in interviews
- First Impressions and the Role of voice and accent
- Overview of the course and expected outcomes
Class 2: Basics of Phonetics and Phonology
Objectives: Gain a foundational understanding of phonetics and phonology.
Topics Covered:
- Introduction to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- Basic vowel and consonant sounds
- Importance of articulation in clear speech
Class 3: Accent Familiarization and Reduction Techniques
Objectives: Learn about different accents and techniques for accent reduction.
Topics Covered:
- Common accents: British, American, Australian, Indian
- Techniques for accent reduction and neutralization
- Practical exercises for accent improvement
Class 4: Voice Modulation and Control
Objectives: Master techniques for effective voice modulation and control.
Topics Covered:
- Breathing exercises for voice control
- Techniques for pitch, tone, and volume modulation
- Vocal warm-ups and exercises
Class 5: Stress, Rhythm, and Intonation in Speech
Objectives: Understand and practice stress, rhythm, and intonation.
Topics Covered:
- Word and sentence stress patterns
- Rhythm in speech
- Intonation practice and its impact on meaning
Class 6: Listening and Imitation Exercises
Objectives: Develop active listening skills and the ability to imitate target accents.
Topics Covered:
- Active listening techniques
- Imitation and shadowing exercises
- Use of audio and video resources for practice
Class 7: Interview-Specific Voice and Accent Techniques
Objectives: Apply voice and accent techniques specifically for interviews.
Topics Covered:
- Common interview questions and how to respond clearly
- Techniques for maintaining clarity under pressure
- Role-playing interview scenarios
Class 8: Practical Application and Role-Playing
Objectives: Practice and apply learned techniques in simulated interview scenarios.
Topics Covered:
- Role-playing different types of interviews (e.g., one-on-one, panel)
- Feedback and improvement on voice and accent
- Real-time practice with peer and instructor feedback
Class 9: Assessment and Feedback
Objectives: Assess progress and receive constructive feedback.
Topics Covered:
- Conducting mock interviews
- Recording and reviewing performance
- Personalized feedback and improvement plans
Class 10: Final Review and Future Developments
Objectives: Consolidate learning and plan for continuous improvement.
Topics Covered:
- Reviewing key learnings and techniques
- Developing a personal practice plan
- Q&A and final tips for interview success
- Course completion and feedback session
Note: Verbalhub comes in your search for American accent classes near me, American accent training near me, and Voice Institute of English. You can learn the American accent online, you can avail VnA round, or voice and accent round, you can take the voice and accent test, and you can know what is VnA round.
![](webp/teacher8.webp)
Dhrithi Khattar, a renowned expert in GMAT Verbal coaching and CAT VARC preparation, is celebrated as one of the top instructors for the GMAT/ GRE/ CAT exam. A recipient of the California Scholarship Federation gold seal, she holds an MBA in HR & Marketing and an MA in Economics. As an active member of the All India Management Association plus 15 years of experience in GMAT, GRE, and CAT preparation, Miss Dhrithi has bagged an impressive GMAT V50 score and a 99.79 percentile in the CAT exam. Her academic expertise and proficiency in GMAT Verbal and CAT VARC coaching ensure students receive focused, result-oriented guidance. Under her mentorship, many students have secured admissions to top business schools in India through their GMAT, GRE, and CAT preparations. read more
Dr. Nisha Tejpal, a distinguished figure in both academia and GMAT/ GRE/ CAT coaching, stands out as an exceptional educator specializing in GMAT Verbal/ GRE Verbal/ CAT VARC. She serves as a Professor of Philosophy at CCS University and is also a celebrated author and poet. Dr. Tejpal's GMAT Verbal coaching/ CAT VARC coaching consistently produces remarkable results, reflecting her extensive academic background. She holds a Ph.D. in English from CCS University, along with a B.Ed. and an MCA from the same institution. With decades of experience in GMAT/ GRE/ CAT coaching and a personal achievement of a 99.49 percentile in the CAT exam, Dr. Tejpal offers a unique and effective learning experience through her GMAT coaching and CAT Course. Her academic excellence and proficiency in GMAT Verbal and CAT VARC coaching ensure students receive the best possible preparation for the CAT VARC section and GMAT Verbal section. Under her expert guidance, students have successfully secured admissions to top institutions like IIM A, IIM B, and IIM C through their CAT and GMAT exam preparation. read more
![](webp/teacher7.webp)
![](webp/teacher6.webp)
M. U Mir, honored by the governments of Odisha, Bihar, and J&K for his Magnetic Floating Model project, is a top scorer in the DILR section of the CAT exam. As a quant subject expert for Arihant Publications, he has been a prominent figure in the GMAT prep and CAT exam industry for five years. His coaching for the DILR section consistently yields exceptional results, attributed to his academic excellence, including a top rank in his M.Tech degree and his expertise with Arihant Publications. Mir's own achievement of a GMAT Q50 and 99.75 percentile in the CAT DILR section, combined with his extensive experience and high academic credentials, ensures the best learning experience for his students. Consequently, every GMAT test takers and CAT aspirant under his guidance secures positions in top B Schools and IIMs through his outstanding CAT/ GMAT coaching. read more
Dr. Rengarajan Parthasarathy, a specialist in the CAT Quant section, is a Mathematics professor at Symbiosis for Management and the author of "Business Ethics." His coaching consistently produces outstanding results annually, reflecting his exceptional academic credentials. He holds a Ph.D. in Mathematics from YCM University, a Master's in Personal Management from Pune University, and an MBA from IIM. With decades of experience in GMAT prep and CAT coaching and a personal achievement of a GMAT Q51 and 99.49 percentile in the CAT exam, Dr. Parthasarathy offers a unique and effective learning experience through his GMAT coaching and CAT Course. His combination of advanced academic qualifications, extensive GMAT coaching experience, and stellar CAT performance ensures that students of all levels receive the best guidance for the GMAT/ CAT Quant section, making his coaching among the best for the GMAT preparation and CAT exam.read more
![](images/rengarajan.jpg)
![](webp/teacher5.webp)
Dr. G. Ravindra Babu a Mathematics professor at Gitam University, specializes in the GMAT/ GRE/ CAT Quant section. His CAT/ GMAT coaching consistently yields excellent results each year, thanks to his impressive academic credentials. He holds a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Asian International University, a B.Ed in Mathematics, and an MBA in Finance. With decades of experience in GMAT prep and CAT coaching and a personal achievement of GMAT Q51 and a 99.58 percentile in the CAT exam, Dr. Babu offers an unparalleled learning experience. His combination of advanced academic degrees, extensive coaching experience, and top-tier GMAT/ CAT performance ensures that students, from beginners to advanced, receive the best guidance for the GMAT/ CAT Quant section.. read more
C. S. Rajawat, recognized as the top scorer in Mathematics in the 10th and 12th grades in his district, earned a reputation as a genius due to his exceptional academic performance. With 11 years of experience in the GMAT coaching and CAT exam prep industry, he has consistently produced top-ranking students who secured positions in the top 100 in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. Awarded Best Teacher for CAT and CLAT Reasoning Section for outstanding performance in 2021 and 2022, Rajawat is also known for discovering a new theorem based on HCF in Mathematics. He achieved a 99.41 percentile in DILR and a 99.43 percentile in Quant in the CAT exam, significantly aiding other aspirants in securing top ranks. His CAT coaching for the DILR section is unparalleled, thanks to his comprehensive understanding from basic to advanced levels. As the founder of C.S. CAT Classes, he provides top-tier coaching to 700 CAT aspirants annually.
![](webp/cs-rawat.jpg)
![](images/gmattest1.jpg)
Abhishek
Hi, I am Abhishek, a BBA graduate. I recently have written GMAT focus edition exam and I scored 655 which is I believe equivalent to 710. I opted for GMAT online coaching for my prep but not all sections. I went with GMAT verbal coaching and my learning, my experience and my journey to GMAT prep was excellent. Verbalhub GMAT coaching is the best platform for GMAT verbal sections.
Vasu
To be very honest, GMAT coaching for GMAT preparation is very crucial. Before joining Verbalhub GMAT coaching, I wrote the GMAT exam twice. One time GMAT Classic the score was 620 and the second time GMAT Focus sadly score was 425. Then decided to take the expert’s favor for my GMAT prep and I came in contact with Hasan sir, a GMAT verbal trainer, who was recommended by one of my seniors. He is really a great mentor and true guide. Always ready to help. With Verbalhub faculties grace, I reached GMAT 685 which is equal to a 740 GMAT score. Thank you, teachers!
![](images/gmattest2.jpg)
![](images/gmattest3.jpg)
Ekansh
I chose and liked Verbalhub GMAT coaching due to the behavior of faculties and trainers. All the faculty members are very friendly, cooperative, and knowledgeable. The most beneficial of my GMAT online coaching was topic-wise practice questions. It helped me very much in my conceptual improvement. Doubt clearing session of the concept helped me reach my dream GMAT score. I must say it's worth joining.